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　　大家都知道在翻譯的過(guò)程中，漢語(yǔ)的詞匯對(duì)應(yīng)著不同的英語(yǔ)詞匯，因此在不同情況下有著不同的用法，今天尚語(yǔ)翻譯公司帶大家了解漢英翻譯的方法有哪些?

　　We all know that in the process of translation, Chinese words correspond to different English words, so they have different usages in different situations. Today, Shangyu translation company will show you how to translate Chinese into English?

　　一、增譯法

　　1、 Incremental translation

　　指根據(jù)英漢 兩種語(yǔ)言不同的思維方式、語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方式，在翻譯時(shí)增添一些詞、短句或句子，以便更準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出原文所包含的意義。這種方式多半用在漢譯英里。漢語(yǔ)無(wú) 主句較多，而英語(yǔ)句子一般都要有主語(yǔ)，所以在翻譯漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主句的時(shí)候，除了少數(shù)可用英語(yǔ)無(wú)主 句、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或"There be…"結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)翻譯以外，一般都要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境補(bǔ)出主語(yǔ)，使句子完整。英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在名詞、代詞、連詞、介詞和冠詞的使用方法上也存在很大差別。英語(yǔ)中代詞使 用頻率較高，凡說(shuō)到人的器官和歸某人所有的或與某人有關(guān)的事物時(shí)，必須在前面加上物主代詞。因此，在漢譯英時(shí)需要增補(bǔ)物主代詞，而在英譯漢時(shí)又需要根據(jù)情 況適當(dāng)?shù)貏h減。英語(yǔ)詞與詞、詞組與詞組以及句子與句子的邏輯關(guān)系一般用連詞來(lái)表示，而漢語(yǔ)則往往通過(guò)上下文和語(yǔ)序來(lái)表示這種關(guān)系。因此，在漢譯英時(shí)常常需 要增補(bǔ)連詞。英語(yǔ)句子離不開(kāi)介詞和冠詞。另外，在漢譯英時(shí)還要注意增補(bǔ)一些原文中暗含而沒(méi)有明言的詞語(yǔ)和一些概括性、注釋性的詞語(yǔ)，以確保譯文意思的完 整。總之，通過(guò)增譯，一是保證譯文語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的完整，二是保證譯文意思的明確。

　　It refers to adding some words, short sentences or sentences to the translation according to the different ways of thinking, language habits and expressions of English and Chinese, so as to more accurately express the meaning contained in the original text. This method is mostly used in Chinese translation of miles. There are more Chinese sentences without subjects, while English sentences generally have subjects. Therefore, when translating Chinese sentences without subjects, except for a few English sentences without subjects, passive voice or "there be In addition to the translation of structure, the subject should be added according to the context to make the sentence complete. There are also great differences in the use of nouns, pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions and articles between English and Chinese. Pronouns are frequently used in English. When it comes to human organs and things owned by or related to someone, the possessive pronoun must be added before it. Therefore, it is necessary to add the subject pronoun in C-E translation, and to delete it appropriately according to the situation. The logical relations between English words, phrases and phrases, and sentences and sentences are generally expressed by conjunctions, while in Chinese, such relations are often expressed by context and word order. Therefore, conjunctions are often needed in Chinese English translation. Prepositions and articles are indispensable in English sentences. In addition, when translating Chinese into English, we should pay attention to adding some implicit but not explicit words and some general and explanatory words to ensure the integrity of the translation meaning. In a word, adding one meaning to the translation is to guarantee the integrity of the translation.

　　二、省譯法

　　2、 Omission translation

　　這是與增譯法相對(duì)應(yīng)的一種翻譯方法，即刪去不符合目標(biāo)語(yǔ)思維習(xí)慣、語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方式的詞，以避免譯文累贅。增譯法的例句反之即可。

　　This is a translation method corresponding to the addition method, that is to delete words that do not conform to the thinking habits, language habits and expressions of the target language, so as to avoid unnecessary translation. The example sentence of addition translation method is the opposite.

　　三、轉(zhuǎn)換法

　　3、 Conversion method

　　指翻譯過(guò)程中為了使譯文符合目標(biāo)語(yǔ)的表述方式、方法和習(xí)慣而對(duì)原句中的詞類、句型和 語(yǔ)態(tài)等進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。具體的說(shuō)，就是在詞性方面，把名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為代詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞;把動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞;把形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞和短語(yǔ)。在句子 成分方面，把主語(yǔ)變成狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ);把謂語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ);把定語(yǔ)變成狀語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ);把賓語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)。在句型方面，把并列句變成復(fù)合句，把 復(fù)合句變成并列句，把狀語(yǔ)從句變成定語(yǔ)從句。在語(yǔ)態(tài)方面，可以把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　It refers to the conversion of parts of speech, sentence pattern and voice in the original sentence in order to make the translation conform to the expression mode, method and habit of the target language. Specifically, in terms of part of speech, it is to transform nouns into pronouns, adjectives and verbs, verbs into nouns, adjectives, adverbs and prepositions, and adjectives into adverbs and phrases. In terms of sentence elements, the subject is changed into adverbial, attributive, object and predicative; the predicate is changed into subject, attribute and predicative; the attribute is changed into adverbial and subject; and the object is turned into subject. In the aspect of sentence pattern, the coordinate sentence should be changed into a compound sentence, a compound sentence into a coordinate sentence, and an adverbial clause into an attributive clause. In the aspect of voice, the active voice can be changed into the passive voice.

　　四、正譯法和反譯法

　　4、 Positive translation and reverse translation

　　正譯法和反譯法：這兩種方法通常用于漢譯英，偶爾也用于英譯漢。所謂正譯，是指把句子按照 與漢語(yǔ)相同的語(yǔ)序或表達(dá)方式譯成英語(yǔ)。所謂反譯則是指把句子按照與漢語(yǔ)相反的語(yǔ)序或表達(dá)方式譯成英語(yǔ)。正譯與反譯常常具有同義的效果，但反譯往往更符合英 語(yǔ)的思維方式和表達(dá)習(xí)慣。因此比較地道。

　　The two methods are usually used for C-E translation and occasionally for E-C translation. The so-called correct translation refers to the translation of sentences into English in the same word order or expression as Chinese. The so-called reverse translation refers to the translation of sentences into English according to the word order or expression mode opposite to Chinese. The former and the latter are often synonymous, but the latter is more in line with the English way of thinking and expression habits. So it's more authentic.